questions and answers
Attributes of The Real Follower of Imams in Their Teachings
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Mahdism
In the Name of Allah
I express my greeting to you, the youngsters, seeking the right. I hope that you are well.
This is a website on the basis of which principles of pure Islam are presented.
I can answer your questions regarding Islam religion and Shiite sect. Islam religion means Shiite. Good Luck
.
مقصود حقیقی از اولی الامر در قرآن چه کسانی هستند؟
پرسش:
مقصود از اولیالامر در آيه قرآن چه كساني هستند؟
پاسخ:
با سلام و اهدای امید به شما دوست گرامی
در آيات 59 و 83 سوره نساء سخن از اولي الامر آمده است و خداوند متعال در آيه (اطيعواللَّه و اطيعوا الرسول واولي الامر منكم) صريحاً اطاعت از اولي الامر را در رديف اطاعت خداوند و رسول گرامي قرار داده است.
در معناي اولي الامر مفسران سه قول شاخص ارائه كرده اند:
1. سلاطين و حاكمان؛
2. علماء و دانشمندان؛
3. امامان شيعه و ائمه اهل بيت(عليهم السلام).
با توجه به استدلالي كه در مورد قول سوم كه با نظر حضرت باقر و صادق(ع) منطبق است ارائه ميشود بطلان دو قول اول روشن و واضح ميگردد:
اول: چون كه اطاعت از اولوالامر در رديف اطاعت از خدا و رسول(ص) قرار گرفته بايد آنان معصوم باشند و اين فقط ائمه اهل بيت(عليهم السلام) هستند نه علما و دانشمندان و سلاطين.
دوم: اگر مقصود از اولي الامر، علماء و سلاطين باشند لازم ميآيد كه خداوند متعال ما را به پيروي از افرادي كه آراء مختلفي دارند و هر كدام يك راهي را نشان ميدهند، مكلف كند و اين تكليف ما لايطاق است و خداوند متعال كه حكيم است هيچ گاه به كار محال امر نميكند. اما امامان دوازدهگانه شيعه يك ذرّه اختلافي با هم نداشتند و همه يكدل و يك سخن حكم الهي را از منبع وحي گرفته و به مسلمانان منتقل مينمايند.
سوم: اگر خداوند متعال اولي الامر را مشخص نكرده باشد و ما را دستور بدهد كه از وي اطاعت كنيم در آن صورت شناخت اولي الامر از قدرت و وسع بندگان خارج خواهد بود و خداوند در قرآن فرموده است كه براي هيچ كس بيش از طاقت وي تكليف و وظيفه معين نميكند بايد با نص صريح و دلايل روشن و واضح اولي الامر را معين بفرمايد و بعد دستور اطاعت از آنرا صادر كند و اين از نظر عقلي و نقلي بهترين راه است و امامان معصوم(ع) كه هم شناخته شده و هم با نص صريح در كلام پيامبر اكرم(ص) بيان شده است،{1} دقيقاً مصداق بارز اولوالامر ميباشند. همچنان كه بخاري و مسلم در صحيح خود به ائمه دوازدهگانه كه همگي هم از قريش هستند تصريح نموده است.{2}
چهارم از آيه شريفه استفاده ميشود كه اولي الامر بايد واجد جميع صفات رسول اللَّه باشد مگر رسالت و وحي كه با دليل خاصي مشخص شده است. براي همين هم در آيه شريفه «اطيعوا» را دوبار آورده است يكبار براي خداوند متعال كه ذات اقدس او واجب الوجود است و بار ديگر براي رسول اللَّه(ص) و اوليالامر كه ممكن الوجود و عبد صالح الهي و داراي تمام صفات حميده و اخلاق پسنديده است. كه اوليالامر را با واو عطف آورده است، ميخواهد بفهماند كه اطاعت از اولي الامر مانندخود او از سنخ اطاعت از رسول اللَّه(ص) بوده همانطوري كه خودشان نيز جانشين پيامبر اكرم(ص) ميباشند.{3} و اولي الامر بايد صفاتي را داشته باشد كه رسول اللَّه(ص) دارد كه از جمله آنها عصمت است.
پاورقی:
[1].ينابيع الموده، ج 1، ص 73.
[2].صحيح بخاري، ج 8؛ صحيح مسلم، ج 3.
[3].با استفاده از تفسير روض الجنان و روح الجنان، ج 5، ص 408؛ به بعد و شبهاي پيشاور، ص 979.
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