questions and answers
Attributes of The Real Follower of Imams in Their Teachings
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Mahdism
In the Name of Allah
I express my greeting to you, the youngsters, seeking the right. I hope that you are well.
This is a website on the basis of which principles of pure Islam are presented.
I can answer your questions regarding Islam religion and Shiite sect. Islam religion means Shiite. Good Luck
.
حدود اطاعت از اولی الامر چقدر است؟
پرسش:
خداوند متعال در سوره نساء آيه 59 مي فرمايد:« يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ أَطِيعُواْ اللّهَ وَأَطِيعُواْ الرَّسُولَ وَأُوْلِي الأَمْرِ مِنكُمْ فَإِن تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ إِن كُنتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ ذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلاً ؛اى کسانى که ايمان آوردهايد! اطاعت کنيد خدا را! و اطاعت کنيد پيامبر خدا و اولو الأمر [= اوصياى پيامبر] را! و هرگاه در چيزى نزاع داشتيد، آن را به خدا و پيامبر بازگردانيد (و از آنها داورى بطلبيد) اگر به خدا و روز رستاخيز ايمان داريد! اين (کار) براى شما بهتر، و عاقبت و پايانش نيکوتر است».
به فرض بپذيريم كه اولي الامر همان اهل بيت عليهم السلام هستند. اما اگر آنها داراي مقام هستند چرا خداوند در هنگام نزاع در چيزي آن را به خدا و رسولش ارجاع مي دهد؟ چرا اولي الامر داراي اين مقام نيستند؟! البته كلمه شئ به همه چيز اعم از جاندار و بيجان اطلاق مي شود، نه فقط به موضوع ولايت و انتخاب اولي الامر از طرف مردم.
پاسخ:
با سلام خدمت شما همراه عزیز
پيامبر (ص) دو حيثيت و جنبه دارد :
اول: جزئيات احکام را تشريع مي کند ،همان که خدا فرمود :
«انا انزلنا اليک الذکر لتبين للناس ما نزل اليهم(1)»
دوم :حکومت و قضاوتي که خدا به او داده است و دستورهايي که به اين جهت صادر مي کند:
«لتحکم بين الناس بما اراک الله(2)»
با توجه به همين نکته است که وجه عطف اولي الامر به رسول معلوم مي شود و آشکار مي گردد که اطاعت از اولي الامر و رسول يک گونه است و هر دو در امور حکومتي و قضايي است زيرا اولي الامــــر ( هر که باشند) سهمي از وحي و تشريع ندارند .
رفع اختلاف با رجوع به خدا و قانون خداست که خدا و رسول ولي تشريع هستند .به همين جهت مسلمانان موظف شدند موارد نزاع را به خدا و پيامبر که صاحبان وحي و تشريع هستند بر گردانند اما اولي الامر در تشريع سهمي نداشته و حق ندارند حکم جديد تشريع کنند يا حکم ثابتي از قران و سنت را نسخ نمايند.اگر اولي الامر چنين حقي داشت ، بايد مومنان را در هر عصر براي حل نزاع به ولي امر آن عصر ارجاع مي داد. خدا مي فرمايد :
«ما کان لمؤمن و لا مؤمنة اذا قضي الله و رسوله امرا ان يکون لهم الخيرة من امرهم ومن يعص الله و رسوله فقد ضل ضلالا بعيدا(3)».
بنا بر اين جز خدا و پيامبر ،هيچ کس حتي اولي الامر حق وضع حکم تشريعي ندارد .اولي الامر فقط حق دارند در مواردي که ولايت دارند ،حکم کنند يا در قضايا و موضوعات حکم خدا و رسول را بيان نمايند. به همين جهت هنگام تعيين تکليف مرجع مومنان براي رفع اختلاف ، رد حکم را به شارع يعني خدا و رسول واجب شمرد و نامي از اولوالامر نبرد.
اما مخاطب آيه فقط مومنان هستند و آنان مامور شده اند که مطيع خدا و رسول و اولي الامر باشند . ضمير در "تنازعتم" به مومنان بر مي گردد ؛ يعني اگر بين شما در امور اجتماعي يا در تفسير قرآن و سنت اختلاف افتاد و نزاع در گرفت ، براي حل آن به خدا و رسول يعني حکم صاحب شريعت بر گرديد . اما نزاع آنان با اولي الامر معنا ندارد زيرا اطاعت از اولي الامر به طور مطلق واجب است . اگر اولوالامر در امور اجتماعي و حکومتي امري مي کند يا در تفسير قران و سنت رايي مي دهد، اطاعت از او واجب بوده و نزاع با او با وجوب اطاعت سازگاري ندارد .بنا بر اين وقتي اولو الامر بگويد حکم خدا و رسول در اين مساله اين است ، کسي حق نزاع و مخالفت با او را ندارد زيرا واجب الاطاعه است . وجوب به هيچ قيدي مقيد نشده است.پس گفتار اولو الامر قطعا به کتاب و سنت بر مي گردد و او از خود چيزي بر آن نمي افزايد.
1- نحل(16)،آيه 44.
2-نساء(4)،آيه 105.
3- احزاب (33)،آيه 36.
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