questions and answers
Attributes of The Real Follower of Imams in Their Teachings
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Mahdism
In the Name of Allah
I express my greeting to you, the youngsters, seeking the right. I hope that you are well.
This is a website on the basis of which principles of pure Islam are presented.
I can answer your questions regarding Islam religion and Shiite sect. Islam religion means Shiite. Good Luck
.
آیا ساخت مجسمه حرام است؟پس چرا مجسمه امام(ره) ساخته شده؟
پرسش :
در مورد مجسمهسازی شنیدهام حرام است، پس چرا مجسمه امام(ره) یا افراد دیگری را ساخته و در میدانهای شهر نصب کردهاند؟
پاسخ:
با سلام و عرض ادب
رواياتي در زمينة تمثال و صورت وارد شده است كه برخي از آن ها را ذكر مي كنيم:
امام صادق(ع) از پدران گرامي اش نقل فرموده كه: «نهي رسول الله(ص) عن التصاوير و قال: من صوّر صورةً كلفّه الله تعالي يوم القيامة أن ينفخ فيها و ليس بنافخ؛ پيامبر(ص) از تصاوير نهي كرد و فرمود: هر كس صورتي را ايجاد كند، خداوند در روز قيامت به او دستور مي دهد كه روح در آن بدمد، ولي او نميتواند».(1)
باز از امام صادق(ع) نقل شده كه: «هر كس صورتي را ايجاد كند، به او دستور مي دهند كه روح در آن بدمد، ولي نمي تواند، در نتيجه عذاب مي شود».(2)
علي بن جعفر از برادرش امام موسي بن جعفر(ع) دربارة تمثال پرسيد كه آيا ميتوان با آن بازي كرد، حضرت فرمود: نه.(3)
فقها از اين روايات به قرينة اين كه به او دستور داده مي شود در آن بدمد و آن را زنده گرداند، استفاده كرده اند:
1ـ بايد تمثال جسم و مجسّمه باشد، نه نقش و نقاشي.
2ـ بايد تمثال (مجسمه) از انسان يا حيوان (ذي روح) باشد.
بنابراين مجسمة درخت يا اجسامي كه روح در آن ها نيست، اشكالي ندارد.
3ـ بايد مجسمة انسان يا حيوان، كامل باشد. بنابراين اگر مجسمه كامل نباشد، مثلاً مجسمة انساني را به طور ناقص درست كنند و بسازند، اشكالي ندارد.
4ـ در اين روايات بحث از ايجاد كردن و تصوير شده، بنابراين مقصود ساختن مجسمه است، نه خريد و فروش يا نگهداري آن.
از اين رو فقها با در نظر گرفتن مطالبي كه از روايات استفاده شد، فتوا به حرمت ساخت مجسمه داده اند.
تا اين جا مبنا و مدرك فتواي فقها را ذكر كرديم. البته دليلي به نام اجماع را نيز در اين مسئله ذكر كرده اند.(4)
سؤال: چرا پيامبر از تصوير صُوَر و تماثيل نهي فرمود؟ چه اشكالي داشته و چه فسادي بر آن مترتب مي شده است؟
جواب قطعي روشن نيست، ولي دو احتمال قابل تصور و تعقل است:
1ـ ساخت مجسمة انسان و حيوان تداعي بت و بت پرستي مي كرده، مخصوصاً در آن زمان كه تازه از شرّبت و بت پرستي خلاص شده بودند. اگر مسلمانان دست به ساختن مجسمة انسان و حيوان مي زدند، دوباره شائبة بت پرستي در اذهان زنده ميشد. از اين رو پيامبر به شدت از آن نهي كرد. پيامبر(ص) به علي(ع) فرمود: «لا تدع صورةً إلاّ محوتها؛ هر صورتي را كه يافتي، آن را محو و نابود كن».(5)
2ـ اصولاً اسلام با آنچه كه براي انسان و كمال او مفيد نيست و احياناً انسان را به راهي غير عبوديت مي كشاند و او را به دنيا مشغول مي نمايد و از خدا غافل مي سازد، مخالف است. از اين رو برخي از بازي ها، موسيقي، شطرنج، مجسمه، ساختن تزيين قبر، نقش و نگار در مساجد و حتي در خانه ها در اسلام تحريم شده يا مكروه است. در عين حال مي تواند دلايل ديگري نيز در اين مسئله وجود داشته باشد كه از ديد ما مخفي است.
البته اين مطالب هم در ساختن و هم در خريد و فروش و هم در نگهداري جريان پيدا مي كند. امّا بايد فقهاي عظام در اين مورد بحث و كنكاش بيشتري به عمل آورند و ملاكي را به دست دهند كه اين گونه مطالب باعث تحريم يا كراهت مي شود؟ فقهاي عظام فقط بر اساس ظاهر روايات فتوا داده اند گرچه برخي از آنان ساختن مجسمههاي ارزشي و فرهنگي يا مجسمههاي ناقص را مجاز دانسته اند.(6)
پینوشتها:
1. وسائل الشيعه، ج 12، ص 220، باب 94 از ابواب مايكتسب به.
2. همان.
3. همان.
4. محمد حسن نجفي، جواهر الكلام، ج 22، ص 41.
5. جواهر الكلام، ج 22، ص 43.
6. توضيح المسائل مراجع، ج 2، مسئلة 2069 و ذيل آن.
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