questions and answers
Attributes of The Real Follower of Imams in Their Teachings
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Mahdism
In the Name of Allah
I express my greeting to you, the youngsters, seeking the right. I hope that you are well.
This is a website on the basis of which principles of pure Islam are presented.
I can answer your questions regarding Islam religion and Shiite sect. Islam religion means Shiite. Good Luck
.
آیا تکبیر نماز میت امام علی(ع) و امام زمان (عج) بیش از سایر میت هاست؟
پرسش:
چرا تکبیر نماز میت در مورد امام علی (ع) و امام زمان (عج) گفته می شود بیش از سایر میت هاست؟
پاسخ :
با سلام و عرض ادب و احترام
پرسش شما این بود که : چرا تکبیر نماز میت در مورد امام علی وامام زمان گفته می شود بیش از سایر میت ها است؟
پاسخ آن است که:در این موضوع روایتی وارد شده که حضرت علی(ع) در وصیت به امام حسن(ع) فرمود: «بر من نماز بخوان و هفت تکبیر بگو و بدان که آن جایز نیست، جز بر من و مردی که در آخر الزمان خروج و قیام میکند و اسمش قائم مهدی و از فرزندان برادرت حسین است».(1)
گرچه در پارهای منابع روایی آمده است که علی(ع) بر جنازه سهل به حنیف نماز خواند و هفت تکبیر گفت اما مرحوم حکیم(ره) میگوید: این روایت چندان اعتباری ندارد و نمیتوان طبق آن عمل نمود.(2)
بنابر این به عقیده شیعه تعداد تکبیر در نماز میت، پنج تکبیر است. از این که چرا بر بدن حضرت علی(ع) و امام زمان(ع) هفت تکبیر خوانده میشود، در روایات اشارهای به علت آن نشده است اما در عین حال روایات دیگری وجود دارد که بر بدن افراد خاصی بیش از پنج تکبیر خوانده شده است. در روایتی آمده که پیامبر(ص) بر بدن حمزه سیدالشهدا هفتاد تکبیر گفت و علی(ع) بر بدن سهل بن حنیف 25 تکبیر گفت. در این روایت آمده که علی(ع) پنج بار نماز میت که هر کدام پنج تکبیر داشت خواند.(3)
در روایت دیگر آمده که پیامر(ص) هنگام وفاتش به علی(ع) وصیتهایی کرد، از جمله سفارش کرد که 75 تکبیر بر بدن مبارک پیامبر گفته شود.(4)
از ابن عباس نقل شده که پیامبر بر بدن فاطمه بنت اسد، مادر امیرالمؤمنین(ع) نمازی خواند که بر بدن هیچ کس قبل از او این نماز را نخوانده بود. در این نماز چهل تکبیر گفت.(5)
حال با توجه روایات مذکور چگونه نماز میت، در پنج تکبیر شده است؟ در پاسخ میتوان گفت:
نماز میّت گرچه نماز است، ولی به دعا و انجام مراسمی مذهبی برای احترام به میّت مسلمان و طلب مغفرت برای او شبیهتر است،از یان رو اگر زیادتر از مقدار معروف تکبیر گفته شد، اشکال ندارد، به همین مطلب امام باقر(ع) اشاره دارد: «تکبیر بر میّت حدّ معیّنی ندارد. پیامبر گاهی یازده یا نه یا پنج، یا شش و گاهی چهار بار بر میّت تکبیر میگفت».(6)
مرحوم صاحب جواهر(ره) از فقهای بزرگ شیعه میفرماید: اگر چه مشهور و اجماع بر این است که نماز میّت پنج تکبیر دارد، اما از روایات استفاده میشود که تکبیر بیشتر برای اهل شرف و تفضل مستحب است، از این رو پیامبر برای فاطمه بنت اسد به خاطر شرف و مقامی که داشت، چهل تکبیر و بر عمویش حمزه هفتاد تکبیر گفت».(7)
البته ممکن است اضافه بر پنج تکبیر از باب شرف و مقام باشد اما آنچه که واجب است، همان مشهور و معروف است که پنج تکبیر است، نه بیشتر و نه کمتر افزون بر آن به طوری که خارج از نماز باشد، اشکالی ندارد.(8)
موفق باشید.
پینوشتها:
1ـ وفیات الائمه، من علماء البحرین و القطیف، ص 63.
2ـ مستمسک العروة الوثقى، ج 4، ص 235.
3ـ کافی، ج 3، ص 186.
4ـ وسائل الشیعه، ج 2، ص 778، باب جواز الزیادة فی صلاة الجنازه.
5ـ همان، ج 2، ص 779.
6ـ همان، ص 781.
7ـ جواهر الکلام، ج 12، ص 33
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