questions and answers
Attributes of The Real Follower of Imams in Their Teachings
15-08-2019 Hits:179925 Imamology طلبه پاسخگو
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Mahdism
In the Name of Allah
I express my greeting to you, the youngsters, seeking the right. I hope that you are well.
This is a website on the basis of which principles of pure Islam are presented.
I can answer your questions regarding Islam religion and Shiite sect. Islam religion means Shiite. Good Luck
.
ازلی بودن خدا به چه معنا بوده و تصور آن چگونه است ؟
پرسش:
ازلي بودن خدا به چه معنا بوده و تصور آن چگونه است؟
پاسخ :
ازلي بودن به معناي اين است كه خداوند متعال از هر چه كه از حيث زمان تصور كنيم، بوده و نمي شود فرض كرد زماني نبوده و بعد هستي پيدا كرده است. دليل ازلي بودن خدا عقل است.
عقل مي گويد: اگر خدا ازلي نباشد، بايد حادث و معلول باشد و هر چه حادث و معلول است، محتاج محدث و علتي است، و اين عيب و نقص بر خدا محسوب مي شود، ولي خدا محتاج نيست و غنّي بالذات و صمد و بي نياز است.
به عبارت ديگر: اگر ازلي نباشد، يعني زماني بوده كه خداوند نبوده است، پس براي وجود يافتن نياز به علت دارد و اگر خداوند نياز به علت داشته باشد، خودش معلول و آفريده خواهد بود، نه آفريدگار.
بنابراين، عقل مي فهماند خدا «مسبوق به عدم» نبوده، بلكه از اوّل بوده است: «هو الاوّل و الآخر و الظاهر و الباطن و هو بكلّ شيء عليم؛(1) اول و آخر و ظاهر و پنهان او است و او به هر چيز دانا است».
تمام كساني كه به وجود خدا معتقدند، او را «ازلي» و «ابدي» مي دانند و اين دو وصف از هم جدا نيست زيرا يك وجود ازلي نمي تواند عمر و زمان محدودي داشته باشد وگرنه ازلي نخواهد بود و هنگامي كه وجود او نامحدود باشد ابدي خواهد بود.
تمام دلائلي كه براي اثبات وجود خدا آورده مي شود صريحاً يا به اشاره واجب الوجود بودن خدا را اثبات مي كند و روشن است واجب الوجود يعني كسي كه هستي اش از ذات خود او و ازلي و ابدي است، و اگر ازلي نباشد، معلول و ممكن الوجود خواهد بود.
بنابراين اين ممكنات هستند كه روزگاري نبودند و بعد حادث شدند و پس از مدتي مي ميرند و نابود مي شوند. واجب الوجود هرگز چنين نيست.(2)
ازلي بودن خداوند به اين معنا نيست كه خداوند از زمان ازل بوده، اصلاً تصور زمان ازلي بي معنا است، زيرا «زمان» حادث است و اصلاً زمان ازلي نمي تواند باشد، تا چه رسد به اين كه موجودي ازل زماني داشته باشد، چون زمان از حركت اشياي مادي حاصل مي شود؛ بنابراين بايد جسم مادي وجود داشته باشد و حركت آن، سپس مسئله زمان، در حالي كه خداوند آفريدة تمام عالم و جهان ماده است و زمان نيز به دنبالة آن، آفريده خدا است.
بنابراين، معناي ازلي بودن خداوند، اصلاً ازل زماني نيست؛ زيرا خداوند فراتر از زمان است و زمان آفريدة او است.
منظور از ازليت الهي، يعني خداوند نه به هيچ زماني محدود مي شود و نه به چيز ديگر. باز به اين معنا است كه خداوند ابتدا و آغاز ندارد تا پيش از آن وجود نداشته باشد. سبب آن كه نمي توانيم ازليّت را درك كنيم، براي آن است كه اوّلاً در محدودة زمان و مكان تفكّر مي كنيم؛ ثانياً با موجودات متناهي از جهت زمان و مكان سروكار داريم و فهم معناي نامتناهي و نامحدود براي ما مشكل است.
پي نوشت ها :
1. حديد (57) آية 3.
2. ناصر مكارم، پيام قرآن، ج 4، ص 187
Ashura
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